第一屆國會集會後不久，詹姆斯‧麥迪遜提出一項很長的權利法案，作為憲法的增修條文。國會一共通過了十二條增修條文。但是，只有十條為各州所批准，並於一七九一年十二月十五日正式成為憲法的一部分。這些增修條文被稱為權利法案。法案中大部分是對政府施加限制－－規定聯邦政府所不能做的事。結果，在一般情形下，這項法案也被解釋為適用於州政府。既然幾乎各州都有一項權利法案，或作為州憲法的一部分，或作為州憲法的增修條文，因而可以正確地說，所有美國人在全國各處均享受此類權利法案的保護，不受任何地方、州與聯邦政府的侵犯。
Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
第一條增修條文
國會不得制定有關下列事項的法律：確立一種宗教或禁止信教自由；剝奪言論自由或出版自由；或剝奪人民和平集會及向政府要求申冤的權利。
Amendment II
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
第二條增修條文
紀律良好的民兵隊伍，對於一個自由國家的安全實屬必要；故人民持有和攜帶武器的權利，不得予以侵犯。
Amendment III
No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
第三條增修條文
任何兵士，在和平時期，未得屋主的許可，不得居住民房；在戰爭時期，除非照法律規定行事，亦一概不得自行占住。
Amendment IV
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
第四條增修條文
人人具有保障人身、住所、文件及財物的安全，不受無理之搜索和拘捕的權利；此項權利，不得侵犯；除非有可成立的理由，加上宣誓或誓願保證，並具體指明必須搜索的地點，必須拘捕的人，或必須扣押的物品，否則一概不得頒發搜捕狀。
Amendment V
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
第五條增修條文
非經大陪審團提起公訴，人民不應受判處死罪或會因重罪而被剝奪部分公權之審判；惟於戰爭或社會動亂時期中，正在服役的陸海軍或民兵中發生的案件，不在此例；人民不得為同一罪行而兩次被置於危及生命或肢體之處境；不得被強迫在任何刑事案件中自證其罪，不得不經過適當法律程序而被剝奪生命、自由或財產；人民私有產業，如無合理賠償，不得被徵為公用。
Amendment VI
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.
第六條增修條文
在所有刑事案中，被告人應有權提出下列要求：要求由罪案發生地之州及區的公正的陪審團予以迅速及公開之審判，並由法律確定其應屬何區；要求獲悉被控的罪名和理由；要求與原告的證人對質；要求以強制手段促使對被告有利的證人出庭作證；並要求由律師協助辯護。
Amendment VII
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
第七條增修條文
在引用習慣法的訴訟中，其爭執所涉及者價值超過二十元，則當事人有權要求陪審團審判；任何並經陪審團審判之事實，除依照習慣法之規定外，不得在合眾國任何法院中重審。
Amendment VIII
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
第八條增修條文
不得要求過重的保釋金，不得課以過高的罰款，不得施予殘酷的、逾常的刑罰。
Amendment IX
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
第九條增修條文
憲法中列舉的某些權利，不得被解釋為否認或輕視人民所擁有的其他權利。
Amendment X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
第十條增修條文
舉凡憲法未授予合眾國政府行使，而又不禁止各州行使的各種權力，均保留給各州政府或人民行使之。
Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
第一條增修條文
國會不得制定有關下列事項的法律：確立一種宗教或禁止信教自由；剝奪言論自由或出版自由；或剝奪人民和平集會及向政府要求申冤的權利。
Amendment II
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
第二條增修條文
紀律良好的民兵隊伍，對於一個自由國家的安全實屬必要；故人民持有和攜帶武器的權利，不得予以侵犯。
Amendment III
No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
第三條增修條文
任何兵士，在和平時期，未得屋主的許可，不得居住民房；在戰爭時期，除非照法律規定行事，亦一概不得自行占住。
Amendment IV
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
第四條增修條文
人人具有保障人身、住所、文件及財物的安全，不受無理之搜索和拘捕的權利；此項權利，不得侵犯；除非有可成立的理由，加上宣誓或誓願保證，並具體指明必須搜索的地點，必須拘捕的人，或必須扣押的物品，否則一概不得頒發搜捕狀。
Amendment V
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
第五條增修條文
非經大陪審團提起公訴，人民不應受判處死罪或會因重罪而被剝奪部分公權之審判；惟於戰爭或社會動亂時期中，正在服役的陸海軍或民兵中發生的案件，不在此例；人民不得為同一罪行而兩次被置於危及生命或肢體之處境；不得被強迫在任何刑事案件中自證其罪，不得不經過適當法律程序而被剝奪生命、自由或財產；人民私有產業，如無合理賠償，不得被徵為公用。
Amendment VI
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.
第六條增修條文
在所有刑事案中，被告人應有權提出下列要求：要求由罪案發生地之州及區的公正的陪審團予以迅速及公開之審判，並由法律確定其應屬何區；要求獲悉被控的罪名和理由；要求與原告的證人對質；要求以強制手段促使對被告有利的證人出庭作證；並要求由律師協助辯護。
Amendment VII
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
第七條增修條文
在引用習慣法的訴訟中，其爭執所涉及者價值超過二十元，則當事人有權要求陪審團審判；任何並經陪審團審判之事實，除依照習慣法之規定外，不得在合眾國任何法院中重審。
Amendment VIII
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
第八條增修條文
不得要求過重的保釋金，不得課以過高的罰款，不得施予殘酷的、逾常的刑罰。
Amendment IX
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
第九條增修條文
憲法中列舉的某些權利，不得被解釋為否認或輕視人民所擁有的其他權利。
Amendment X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
第十條增修條文
舉凡憲法未授予合眾國政府行使，而又不禁止各州行使的各種權力，均保留給各州政府或人民行使之。
文章標籤
全站熱搜
omoshiroi (6)